Alcoholism and Drinking - Alcoholics Anonymous as an Important Literary

Alcoholics Anonymous as an Important Literary Work Alcoholics Anonymous is one of the great unrecognized literary works of the first half of the twentieth century.   It has been through three editions after its first printing in 1939 and at least fifty-three printings in over ninety countries (xxii).   The wide popularity and circulation of the book certainly affirms this claim.   An examination of the contents of the book will show that it also deserves this title.   It is a rich work because it conveys a basic human condition, though ugly, until that time not often spoken of in public.   If it simply did this and nothing more it would merely be a good book.   But it does more than speak to an ugly condition; it gives a blueprint for change.      The human condition which is spoken about in Alcoholics Anonymous is the dichotomy of the life of the alcoholic.   These alcoholics are not easy to categorize; they are not always a Dr Jekyll by day and Mr Hyde by night.   Bill, who explains his life story in the first chapter, explains how he studied economics, business and law to join speculators on Wall Street.   Up until this point, drinking had interfered in his life, but was not a continuous plague.   Yet, over the course of time he becomes an alcoholic for a variety of reasons, like many individuals described throughout the book.   The alcoholics described are not portrayed as unintelligent, unsuccessful or insignificant.   They are men who have high positions, who are by turns "brilliant, fast-thinking, imaginative and likeable" (139).   The conclusion of a prima facie inspection of these individuals would not include over indulgence of alcohol.   But under the alcoholic influence these attributes worthy of no te slowly atrophy and... ...the book is flexible enough to be implemented in other ways is the indication that it is a book of stature.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, one cannot easily undermine the experience of those who have read the book and changed.   These are the ones who will agree most wholeheartedly with the assertion that Alcoholics Anonymous is a great unrecognized literary work.   Indeed, these individuals are the evidence of this assertion as well.  Ã‚      Bibliography    Alcoholics Anonymous conveys not a singular story, but stories - ones common to alcoholics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story common to alcoholics is one also shared by wives, family members, employers, and so forth.   Thus Alcoholics Anonymous is not just a book for alcoholics but also for those who come into contact with them.   The audience of    "matters medical, psychiatric, social, and religious" (19).     

Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death by execution has existed as a punishment since the dawn of time. Yet although this has existed seemingly forever, the question of its morality has also existed for that same amount of time. Killers kill innocent people, there is no question about that, but does that give us the right to kill these killers? I do not think so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Racism is often the driving force behind crime. Yet in a justice system that preaches equality, it too is led by racism. There is â€Å"a pattern of evidence indicating racial disparities in the charging, sentencing, and imposition of the death penalty† according to a 1990 U.S. Government report. An overwhelming majority of death row defendants since 1977 were executed for killing whites despite the fact that whites and blacks are victims of murder in approximately equal numbers. In Texas, for example, blacks found guilty of killing whites were found to be six times more likely to receive the death penalty that whites convicted of killing whites. Of the 3,061 inmates on death row 1,246 of them are black, making 40% of death row inmates black. Compare this to the fact that blacks make up 12% of the U.S. population. Furthermore, many black prisoners on death row were sentenced to death by all-white juries after prosecutors had deliberately excluded black peop le from the jury pool.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Racism alone is not the only problem with Capital Punishment. Many inmates on death ...

Mfn Applied Tariff Rates Of Emerging Market Economies Economics Essay

Under the MFN all states are to hold the same duty rates for all the other members of the WTO, nevertheless in the instance of the development states, they are granted the Generalized System of Preferences, by which, selected merchandises arising from developing states get a decrease in duty rates or face zero duty even over MFN duty rates. The â€Å" aˆÂ ¦ the aims of the generalised, non-reciprocal, non-discriminatory system of penchants in favor of the development states, including particular steps in favor of the least advanced among the developing states, should be: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.unctad.org/img/1px.gif ( a ) A A to increase their export net incomes ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.unctad.org/img/1px.gif ( B ) A A to advance their industrialisation ; and hypertext transfer protocol: //www.unctad.org/img/1px.gif ( degree Celsius ) A A to speed up their rates of economic growing. † ( Resolution 21 ( two ) , UNCTAD II Conference in New Delhi in 1968 ) Under the Enabling Clause ( 1979 ) , states giving the penchant such as the United States, European Union, Canada, Japan and 9 others could allow lasting preferential under their several GSP strategies. The GSP has showed assorted consequences. While on one manus the GSP has benefitted the ‘rich developing states ‘ such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Mexico, Taiwan and late India and China, on the other manus the developed states have implemented the GSP but non in those sectors in which the development states have most involvement such as agribusiness and fabrics. Removal of non duty barriers such as the phasing out and termination of the Multi- fiber Agreement or the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing ( ATC ) in 2005, which restricted the import of fabrics and vesture from developing states to the developed states through quota, has helped in the addition in exports of the developing states and particularly emerging markets such as Taiwan, Hong Kong and China have taken advantage of it. However for the emerging markets economies the duty grants in the old unit of ammunitions of dialogues and the GSP has helped increase their exports. These duty decreases are non merely done by developed states but besides by developing states and some of the emerging economic systems particularly have slashed their duty rates by a broad border. Summary of Average MFN Applied Tariff Rates of Selected Emerging Market Economies Average Duty ( Per Cent ) State Highest Rate Reported Year Latest Rate Reported Year Decrease Brazil 51.0 1987 14.6 2009 71 Chile 35.0 1984 6.0 2009 83 China 49.5 1982 8.6 2008 83 Colombia 61.0 1984 12.7 2009 79 Czech Republic 6.4 1996 5.0 2003 23 United arab republic 47.4 1981 12.3 2008 74 Hungary 24.0 1984 3.2 2002 87 India 100.0 1986 10.1 2009 90 Dutch east indies 37.0 1984 5.8 2007 84 Korea, Rep. 23.7 1982 8.9 2009 62 Mexico 27.0 1987 11.1 2009 59 Maroc 54.0 1982 9.1 2009 83 Peru 46.0 1988 3.8 2008 92 Philippines 34.6 1981 5.0 2007 86 Poland 18.3 1989 4.3 2003 76 Saudi Arabia 13.0 1996 4.0 2008 69 South Africa 29.0 1984 7.4 2009 74 Taiwan 31.0 1982 5.1 2009 84 Siam 45.0 1993 10.0 2007 78 Turkey 40.0 1983 2.4 2008 94 Beginning: World Bank Database It is interesting to observe that even after duty decreases in the emerging economic systems, in agreement with the understandings negotiated, the duty gross has increased. This is chiefly because of the riddances of non duty barriers like import quotas due to increasing demand for ingestion goods and fabrication inputs, export limitations on agribusiness goods and natural stuffs for domestic industries, local content demand particularly in the cars industry and VERs ( Voluntary Export Restrictions ) . Although licensing has non been removed wholly in agribusiness imports, it has been greatly reduced. Hence there is less motive to smuggle, raising duty returns. Besides tariff barriers tend to be more crystalline compared to non duty barriers, increasing the assurance of the international investors in the markets. One of the basic effects of a duty decrease has been the addition in ingestion, both of consumer goods and of natural stuffs for industries. Domestic houses confronting competition from the cheaper imports cut down the consumer monetary values so as non lose their market portion. The decreased monetary values increases the buying power of the citizens and this is particularly good for the lower income groups. The emerging market economic systems have big populations which live below the poorness line. This addition in their buying power improves their criterion of life. Consumers besides get better assortment of goods in the market and it has besides been seen that there is an betterment in the quality of goods. Besides cheaper and better quality natural stuffs can be imported, cut downing the cost of production which non merely translates to decrease in consumer monetary values, but besides increases the measure and quality of production. In add-on engineering and proficient aid, funding, audience and direction expertness can be brought into the state for non merely fabricating industries but besides for the primary sector. Industries such as agribusiness, agriculture, fishing, forestry and excavation provide natural stuff to other domestic industries but the merchandises of these industries are besides exported by developing states.Share of Merchandise and Service Imports and Exports in World Total of Selected Emerging Market Economies ( Per Cent )Beginning: UNSD Statistical Database ( UNdata ) Emerging Market Economies: Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Poland, South Korea, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey Cardinal promotions in the universe trade scenario like the completion of the Uruguay Round and constitution of the WTO, macroeconomic reforms and trade liberalisation policies in many developing states, particularly India and Brazil, created an atmosphere more contributing to the fleet growing in the exchange of goods and services. Chinese accession to the WTO along with the accession of other states has farther integrated the many-sided system. Most developing states ‘ exports are still dominated by agribusiness goods and fabrics, although the emerging economic systems have shown a distinguishable addition in the export of manufactured goods. The value of excavation ( largely fuels ) and agribusiness goods has risen but the chief addition has been in manufactured goods, though the rise in value has been more due to increase in volume instead than alter in monetary value. This encouragement in their portion of ware exports is chiefly due to the dramatic promotion in China ‘s function as planetary fabrication Centre in particularly sectors which are labour intensive. In 2006, out of the top 10 exporters of manufactured goods, 9 were emerging economic systems. The largest exporter of agribusiness merchandises has been Brazil followed by China and Thailand and of fuel, Saudi Arabia from the emerging market economic systems. The important addition in the export of manufactured goods has is chiefly lead by export of office and telecom merchandises, followed by fabrics and car merchandises. Despite the prominence of China as the lead exporter of fabrics and vesture, Colombia and Peru have besides expanded their exports. After the phasing out and termination of the Multi-fibre Agreement or Agreement on Textiles and Clothing ( ATC ) in 2005, which employed non duty barriers like quotas, parts such as China, Hong Kong and Taiwan saw a bead in their exports but they were able to develop other export oriented sectors. Among the developing states, the emerging markets are both the lead exporters and importers of fuels, agribusiness merchandises and manufactured goods. The growing in commercial services has non been every bit much for the emerging markets as a whole, nevertheless India has seen an impressive enlargement in the service industry every bit much as 2.69 % of universe export of services in 2008. This is chiefly due to the roar in information engineering and hotel industry. China besides shows 3.35 % of universe exports ; nevertheless it shows a much more dramatic figure of 8.91 % of universe exports in ware. India is followed by Hong Kong with 2.37 % portion, Singapore with 2.15 % portion and South Korea with 2.05 % portion in 2008. The chief export in commercial services has been of transit services and touristry, with India being the largest exporter of touristry and South Korea being the largest exporter of transit services. The emerging markets experienced a disproportional consequence through their bead in service export in the early half of 2000 ‘s chiefly due to the planetary IT crisis. China, South Korea, India and Singapore are besides taking importers of commercial services among the emerging markets particularly their increasing portion in transit. Commercial services can besides include building services, communicating services, insurance services, fiscal services, royalties and other services. During the East Asiatic Crisis the emerging markets saw a ample bead in their ware and service exports ; nevertheless after the Subprime Crisis in 2007 – 2008 the autumn in the value of emerging economic systems exports was smaller than exports of the industrialised states. The addition in imports and exports gives a encouragement to the domestic industries. Addition in imports gives entree to better natural stuffs in both measure and quality every bit good as at decreased cost. Sing the competition, domestic providers cut down their monetary values of natural stuffs to the houses. Increase in exports can be attributed to the duty decrease of other states and export publicity activities by the authorities. Besides entree to international markets spurs the domestic manufacturers to increase their production quantitatively every bit good as qualitatively. There is an addition in production, which in bend leads to a rise in employment within the state. The addition in employment has two effects. One there will be more consumers in the market and there will be a encouragement in the demand for the merchandises. Second with addition in employment there will besides be addition in productiveness of the houses and the industries, whereby they will be able to p rovide more goods and services in the market. Sing the profitableness more houses will fall in in bettering the competition in the industry.

Cost when using photovoltaic cell Essay

Solar energy industry utilizes prize per Watt peak, which is the primary unit of measurement for computing cost. Current prevailing price for solar energy generation is at around $4/Wp. Basically; cost would depend on the total installed cost for the system. Around 40% to 50% of the cost would be for the solar module. A complete system includes the entire required component for a functioning system. As of 2003 a residential system would cost at around $8,000 – $12,000 per kWp installed (SolarBuzz, 2006). Based on data, a 1kWp unit would produce differently depending on the location and levels of sunlight. Generated data for Southern California produced 1800 kwh/year while for Northern Germany was 800 kwh/year and 1600 – 2000 kwh / year in India using the same 1kWp unit of solar system. However, gradual improvements on the silicon crystal model of PV cells contributed to a dramatic reduction of the cost of photovoltaic electricity (Cartlidge, 2007). Actual generated power would still depend on the location and prices are variably dependent on the local tariffs. Compared to other existing rates for energy generation distributed solar PV would be 30cents to 50cents/kWh the current rate is still far from the 3 – 5 cents / kWh rate for combined cycle gas turbines. Although there is a promising trend of decreasing rate of generation cost due to decrease in installation cost (Space_Daily, 2005). The amount of roof space needed to roof-mount a solar system is based on the size or â€Å"generating capacity† or â€Å"rating† of the system you purchase. Most residential systems require as little as 50 square feet of mounting area for a small â€Å"starter† system, or as much as 500-1,000 square feet for a PV array capable of meeting all of a homeowner’s needs. Commercial systems are typically much larger than residential systems. A rule of thumb is that a square foot of single- or poly-crystalline PV module area produces 10 watts of power in bright sunlight. Therefore, a 1000-watt system requires about 100 to 200 square feet of roof area, depending on the type of PV module. The amount of roof area needed also depends on the PV module’s efficiency in converting sunlight to electricity. Table 1 provides approximate roof area requirements as a function of PV efficiency (percent) and rating (watts). Table 1: Roof Area Needed for Various Sizes of PV Systems Although the efficiency (percent of sunlight converted to electricity) varies with different types of PV modules, higher-efficiency modules typically cost more. One of the main barriers to the development of rural electrification markets with photovoltaic is the financing of the high up-front investment of an SHS, which is the critical point for most of the rural households, as well as for many photovoltaic intermediaries. Depending on the size of the local market, taxes the share of locally manufactured components and governmental policy regarding solar technology and rural electrification, an SHS costs between US $500 to US $1,500. Even with the existence of subsidies for the installation of an SHS, such investment costs are much too high compared to the average income of the target households. For this reason, financing schemes allowing payment by installments must be offered – they are needed in national electrification programs as in commercial markets. In this connection, micro-finance institutions (MFI) could play an essential role in the dissemination of SHS. This not only represents a solution for the existing barriers regarding the electrification of remote rural households, but also offers new market opportunities for . MFI for example, ill form of rural electricity loans, which additionally offer the convenience of secure guarantees of the hardware, especially the solar panel. PV today is economical only if it does not have to compete with grid electricity. Nevertheless, the technology is only at the beginning of its development and hopes are high for further large cost reductions. At present, however, it is not obvious that the cost of PV can reach present levels of the cost of base load electricity, but it call reach consumer retail prices. Besides development of technology, market expansion is a proven way of bringing down cost. In several countries that take their obligation to reduce greenhouse gases seriously, comprehensive support programs for distributed PV installations have been legislated. One example is the German renewable energy law, which stipulates that utilities have to pay for PV electricity fed into the grid about 0. 5 $/kWh for twenty years. This reimbursement is reduced by 5% each year for new installations in order to stimulate cost reduction (Elwell & Komp, 2007). Manufacturing of PV cells undergoes many processes. After producing the solar cells, they have to be transported and assembled. Solar cell usually have a life span of 25 years. After which they are disassembled and transported for proper disposal. A study was conducted to measure the total energy consumed in the manufacture alone of the solar cells. Using the Sharp ND-205U1 module, which cost $850, a forty-four-module order would require $28,900, not including the cost of wires and inverters installed along with the solar modules (Riley & Meyers, 2005). Renewable sources in Middle East In the Middle East, governments are pushing for finding an alternative to fossil fuels to meet its energy requirements. Renewable sources are being eyed. Due to the depleting supply of fossil fuels, United Arab Emirates has already undertaken projects in preparation for meeting the required power needed. It is estimated that by 2015, 14% of estimated power requirements would be saved with the utilization of wind and solar energy. By 2050 it is forecasted that almost half of energy requirements of UAE would be supplied by wind and solar energy with PV generation forming the largest percentage of the two (WFES, 2004). Other Middle East countries are likely to follow in their endeavor to preserve the region’s main source of wealth – oil and gas. Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iran Bahrain and Lebanon have already implemented or will be implementing strategies in harnessing these renewable sources abundant in the region (Middle_East_Electricity, 2005). One project initiated in Israel, which aims to provide electricity and water supply in a small rural village in Palestine. Greenstar identified one of the four-target villages Al Ka’abneh, West Bank, Palestine. The purpose of the project is to supply electricity with the installation of PV cell system. Before the project was instituted, the village had no electricity and water was not sanitized, thus resulting to health problems as one of the prevalent challenged areas of the village. The locals were taught how to maintain and utilize the PV system installed in their village and care was delegated to them. The project supplied the village with a 100 kW PV generator, which was used to power the village’s health clinic, mosque and school. Aside from the generator, the village was also supplied with a PV powered water pumping and desalination units. Among the lessons learned from the project is that solar energy provides simple solutions to simple electrical needs of small isolated villages where a national grid is rendered superfluous (Greenstar, 1999).

As Long as Grass Grows or Water Runs Questions

When Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State, he believed that the Indians should just be left alone. Once he became president, he wanted to remove the Indians. I believe he did this because he anted to gain popularity. . Andrew Jacksons early political/ military career foreshadowed his Indian policies as President because he was always was a tough and violent guy and hated the Indians since day one. Now, as president, he fully Was pro-Lillian removal and supported the bill to remove Indians. 5. Zion, unlike traditional histories, believes that it was no just a war against Great Britain for survival, but essentially a war for land to expand the country. 6. Zions view of Arthur Schlesinger The Age of Jackson andMarvin Meyers The Jackson Persuasion is that the books concentrate more on his political and economic accounts, not on his years battling the Indians. Both books make Jackson look like the good man; they dont mention anything about him owning slaves and other heinous truths about him. 7. Cherokees desired to fit into society. They began owning slaves an adopted Christianity as their religion. 8. The purpose of Zion stating that Jackson was declaring states rights for Georgia on the Cherokee question but attackingSouth Carolinas right to to nullify a federal tariff to show that Jackson wanted to stay popular 9. The Trail of Tears was the removal of the Cherokee Indians by the government, from Georgia to Oklahoma. 10. The sign efficacy of the phrase As long as grass grows or water runs means basically that itll never happen. Jackson had used this phrase on the Indians. He said that the Indians could have their land and that no settlers would steal it from them, but Jackson had lied to the Indians because there land was still taken.

Explore the different types of media domestication using Roger Essay

Explore the different types of media domestication using Roger Silverstone's media domestication theory - Essay Example It allows for analysis in its economic, social, and sociological concerns. The approach to media domestication is a consideration of the practical as well as the symbolic dimensions for the adoption while using the necessary technologies. It shows how the elements of meanings of different things coupled with their respective materiality, have equal importance in the understanding of how technologies form part of daily life. It remains a consideration of the social theory through highlighting the various negotiations, control and power challenges, rule breaking, and making accompanying any introduction for technologies for different social settings (Silverstone, 2005). Such a domestication approach endures roots within the social studies of media use even though this is well informed through gender studies of household technology, everyday life sociology, innovation and consumption studies, which are widely considered the study components of the mass adoption in mobile phones, internet, and computers. As part of the technological approach towards an understanding of how media technologies come to be, domestication theory highlights the importance of innovation users with the works done through individuals and communities through making technology do practical work outside the standard intentions within the community. This work strand links to the responsibility end and lead users (Bilandzic, Patriarche & Traudt, 2012). In innovation processes, the domestication studies create a general institution through the use qualitative methods while the ethnography and long interviews explore the importance emerging technologies meanings and changing routine s that are usually not accessible to quantitative techniques. The domestication approach applies different concepts in distinguishing different prospects for the process. For instance, the appropriations process includes bringing technologies into households and local social contexts. However, the lead domestication

Talent Dry Cleaners Service Operational Challenges Case Study

Talent Dry Cleaners Service Operational Challenges - Case Study Example The business`s capacity utilization is 85.94% with an average turnaround time of 3-4 hours and it is a profitable as per the returns. The study will examine the challenges this business is currently experiencing and the possible solutions that have been drafted to counter such challenges. The understanding of such challenges will lead to appropriate recommendations that would help the company achieve the desired growth, goals, and objectives. Background This case study evaluates and analysis many perceptions in the service operation administration. It shows the business satiation of Patrick Eze who is trying so much to expand his business but he hardly got capital for the expansion and building of an institution to train dry cleaners. Problem Statement During the operation of the business, it took longer to register one client’s clothes. The company did not have a system of doing the registration hence wasting a lot of time in the registration of customers. Talent dry cleaners do not have strict payment tracks methods. The client is the one to decide when to pay either when dropping off or when picking the clothes. This can lead to wastage of resources because other clients can avoid paying their fees if strict laws of payment are not in place. The business has only two collection points. Moreover, it is not well marketed and the owner feels that there are needs to advertise his dry cleaner (Yelowitz, 2011). The dry cleaner has one dry-cleaning machine that takes five kilograms of garments and takes twelve minutes to wash. This is a long time and lead to time wastage. Therefore, the owner should buy a machine with a bigger capacity. The company is usually overwhelmed during peak season when there are many customers. Analysis The most essential solution towards the growth and development of this business is that the owner needs to notice that in small businesses, there need ensure that the level of hard work matches the complexity needed for the intended growth (Takaki, 2008). The owner did not consider this before the establishment of his business. Eze`s previous business had a well experienced manager who made the vital business decision that were essential for the success of his business. Eze has no experience in planning and handling business venture because prior to him starting the business, he did not take his time to study operational challenges he was likely to experience in running the business. Analysing from his background, Eze worked for fifteen years in his the previous employment; however, this did not equip him with strong management and leadership skills for successfully running a personal business. Notably, he only has basic skills for operating business since he no experience in marke ting that could have led to the growth of his small business. Additionally, he had no experience in planning large business ventures; thus, whenever he had a large number of customers, his problems increased (Takaki, 2008). Lack of experience and information are major problems in any business venture. Furthermore, poor planning usually leads to waste of time and this is experienced in the